« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 11, Issue 5
, Pages 279-295
, October 2006
Immunology of normal pregnancy
References
- . The RAG proteins and V(D)J recombination: complexes, ends, and transposition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:495–527
- . Inhibition of human B lymphocyte cell cycle progression and differentiation by rapamycin. Cell Immunol. 1994;156:493–507
- . Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in normal human B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1996;156:4543–4554
- . A role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in generating T cell help for B cell growth and differentiation. J Immunol. 1996;157:2769–2778
- . The molecular control of cell division, differentiation commitment and maturation in haemopoietic cells. Nature. 1989;339:27–30
- B cells are generated throughout life in humans. J Immunol. 1996;156:866–872
- . In-vitro models of stroma-dependent lymphopoiesis. Semin Immunol. 1995;7:169–175
- . B-cell differentiation in the bone marrow and the periphery. Immunol Rev. 1994;137:203–229
- . The natural-selection theory of antibody formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1955;4:849
- . The clonal selection theory of acquired immunity. Nashville, TN: Vanderbuilt University Press; 1959;p 209.
- . Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature. 1983;302:575–581
- . Clonal deletion of autoreactive B lymphocytes in bone marrow chimeras. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:8039–8043
- . Differential activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in human B lymphocytes. Role in ionomycin-induced apoptosis. J Immunol. 1995;155:3297–3307
- CD40 ligand gene defects responsible for X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Science. 1993;259:990–993
- The CD40 ligand, gp39, is defective in activated T cells from patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Cell. 1993;72:291–300
- . Lymphocyte development. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:155–157
- Thymic selection revisited: how essential is it?. Immunol Rev. 2003;191:62–78
- . Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol. 1986;136:2348–2357
- . The major histocompatibility complex. In: Paul W editors. Fundamental immunology. New York: Raven Press; 1989;p. 445–488
- . Epigenetic control of MHC-II: interplay between CIITA and histone-modifying enzymes. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005;17:58–64
- Activation of MHC class I, II, and CD40 gene expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Immunol. 2000;165:7017–7024
- . T cell activation and the cytoskeleton. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:165–184
- . Integration of T cell receptor-dependent signaling pathways by adapter proteins. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:89–108
- . In vitro activity and in vivo correlates of alloantigen-specific murine suppressor T cells induced by allogeneic pregnancy. J Immunol. 1983;131:638–643
- . Gestational immunosuppression is mediated by specific Lyt 2+ T cells. Immunology. 1986;57:201–206
- . Human decidual leukocytes from early pregnancy contain high numbers of gamma delta+ cells and show selective down-regulation of alloreactivity. J Immunol. 1992;149:2203–2211
- . Gamma delta T cells in human decidua. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:831–836
- . Characterization of gamma delta T lymphocytes at the maternal–fetal interface. J Immunol. 1992;149:2872–2878
- . Gamma-delta T cells in midgestation human placental villi. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2000;50:153–157
- . The role of gamma/delta T-cell receptor-positive cells in pregnancy: part II. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999;42:83–87
- . Recognition of trophoblasts by gamma delta T cells. J Immunol. 1994;153:2918–2926
- . Immunology of postimplantation pregnancy. In: Bronson RA, Alexander NJ, Anderson OJ, et al. editor. Reproductive immunology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1996;p. 383–412
- . The great balancing acts. The pregnant woman, placenta, fetus, and infectious agents. Clin Perinatol. 1997;24:497–521
- . Antibody response to monovalent A/New Jersey/8/76 influenza vaccine in pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol. 1979;10:184–187
- . Studies on cell-mediated immunity in human pregnancy. In: Wegmann TG, Gill TJ editor. Immunology of reproduction. New York: Oxford University Press; 1983;p. 363–380
- . Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: a survey. Pediatrics. 1966;37:715–727
- . Development of the immune system in very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) premature infants: concentrations of plasma immunoglobulins and patterns of infections. Pediatr Res. 1986;20:899–904
- . Role of antibody to native type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus in infant infection. Pediatrics. 1981;68:544–549
- IgG subclasses and antibodies to group B streptococci in preterm neonates after intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin to the mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986;5(Suppl. 3):S195–S197
- . Characterization of immature T cell subpopulations in neonatal blood. Blood. 1984;64:296–300
- . Immature T lymphocytes in human neonatal blood. Cell Immunol. 1985;92:115–122
- Phenotypic and functional immaturity of human umbilical cord blood T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:10006–10010
- . Decreased production of interferon-gamma by human neonatal cells. Intrinsic and regulatory deficiencies. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:860–867
- . Cell-mediated lympholysis by fetal and neonatal lymphocytes in sheep and man. Cell Immunol. 1980;51:13–22
- Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in neonates with herpes simplex virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1987;155:28–37[Erratum: J Infect Dis 1987;155:838]
- . Natural killer cells and reproductive failure - theory, practice and prejudice. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:1123–1126
- Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoregulatory role for the CD56(bright) subset. Blood. 2001;97:3146–3151
- Human decidual natural killer cells are a unique NK cell subset with immunomodulatory potential. J Exp Med. 2003;198:1201–1212
- . NK cells and trophoblasts: partners in pregnancy. J Exp Med. 2004;200:951–955
- . Immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus. Int Rev Immunol. 2002;21:471–495
- . Soluble HLA-G circulates in maternal blood during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:682–688
- . Soluble HLA-G protein secreted by allo-specific CD4+ T cells suppresses the allo-proliferative response: a CD4+ T cell regulatory mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:12150–12155
- Human leukocyte antigen-G-expressing cells differently modulate the release of cytokines from mononuclear cells present in the decidua versus peripheral blood. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2001;45:94–99
- . Identification of class I MHC mRNA in human first trimester trophoblast cells by in situ hybridization. J Immunol. 1990;144:4420–4425
- . Analysis of HLA-G mRNA in human placental and extraplacental membrane cells by in situ hybridization. J Immunol. 1991;146:2847–2854
- . HLA A, B, C antigens are expressed on nonvillous trophoblast of the early human placenta. J Immunol. 1981;127:2614–2615
- . Localization of major histocompatibility complex class I and II mRNA in human first-trimester chorionic villi by in situ hybridization. J Exp Med. 1992;175:1027–1032
- . Expression of class I HLA genes by trophoblast cells. Analysis by in situ hybridization. J Immunol. 1988;140:1293–1299
- . Association between human leukocyte antigen-G genotype and success of in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcome. Tissue Antigens. 2004;64:66–69
- . Regulation of histocompatibility antigens by interferon. Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol. 1985;136C:103–119
- . Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor increases mRNA levels and surface expression of HLA-A,B antigens in vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:446–450
- . Expression of MHC antigens on murine trophoblast and their modulation by interferon. J Immunol. 1986;137:846–853
- Recognition of trophoblast HLA class I molecules by decidual NK cell receptors - a review. Placenta. 2000;21(Suppl. A):S81–S85
- . Structural and biochemical organogenesis of skin and cutaneous appendages in the fetus and neonate. In: Polin RA, Fox WW editor. Fetal and neonatal physiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992;p. 527–553
- . Granuloerythropoietic colonies in human bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. Blood. 1978;52:1243–1248
- . Culture studies of human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors. Blut. 1980;41:327–333
- . Identification of T lymphocytes in human mixed hemopoietic colonies. Blood. 1981;58:402–405
- . Macrophages are the first differentiated blood cells formed in human embryonic liver. Exp Hematol. 1980;8:996–1000
- . Ontogeny of antigen-presenting cells. In: Chaouat G editors. The immunology of the fetus. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1990;p. 110–133
- . Fetal defense mechanisms. Am J Dis Child. 1975;129:438–443
- . Decreased mononuclear and polymorphonuclear chemotaxis in human newborns, infants, and young children. Pediatrics. 1977;60:467–472
- . Effects of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on the capacity of mononuclear cells from preterm infants to generate interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Int J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1996;3:63–66
- . Hematological values of 163 normal fetuses between 18 and 30 weeks of gestation. Pediatr Res. 1986;20:342–346
- . Functional analysis of neutrophil granulocytes from healthy, infected, and stressed neonates. J Pediatr. 1979;95:454–460
- . Abnormal mobility of neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Relationship to impaired redistribution of surface adhesion sites by chemotactic factor or colchicine. J Clin Invest. 1981;68:863–874
- . Secretory determinants of impaired adherence and motility of neonatal PMNs. Pediatr Res. 1985;19:257A
- . Development of natural killer cell function in the human fetus. J Immunol. 1983;130:153–156
- . Circulating lymphocyte subsets in second- and third-trimester fetuses: comparison with newborns and adults. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167:895–900
- . Lectin-dependent T-lymphocyte and natural killer cytotoxic deficiencies in human newborns. Cell Immunol. 1982;74:40–53
- . Natural killer cell activity in infants and children excreting cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis. 1985;151:301–307
- . Distribution of beta2 microglobulin and HLA in chorionic villi of human placentae. Nature. 1976;262:799–802
- . Antigen expression by trophoblast populations in the human placenta and their possible immunobiological relevance. Placenta. 1985;6:127–140
- . Class I major histocompatability complex antigens on extravillus trophoblast. Immunology. 1984;52:457–468
- . Class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on cytotrophoblast of human chorion laeve. Immunology. 1984;52:621–629
- . Ontogeny and distribution of cells expressing HLA-B locus-specific determinants in the placenta and extraplacental membranes. J Reprod Immunol. 1989;15:21–30
- . The mRNA of a human class I gene HLA G/HLA 6.0 exhibits a restricted pattern of expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990;18:2189
- . Evidence for the expression of non-HLA-A,-B,-C class I genes in the human fetal liver. J Immunol. 1992;149:668–675
- . An alternatively spliced form of HLA-G mRNA in human trophoblasts and evidence for the presence of HLA-G transcript in adult lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:4209–4213
- Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:3913–3917
- . Fas ligand is positioned in mouse uterus and placenta to prevent trafficking of activated leukocytes between the mother and the conceptus. J Immunol. 1997;158:4122–4128
- . Expression of Fas ligand by human cytotrophoblasts: implications in placentation and fetal survival. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:3119–3122
- . Expression of the apoptosis-inducing Fas ligand (FasL) in human first and third trimester placenta and choriocarcinoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3173–3175
- . Placental Fas ligand expression is a mechanism for maternal immune tolerance to the fetus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2188–2194
- . Fas and Fas-ligand are expressed in the uteroplacental unit of first-trimester pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999;41:41–51
- CD28 signaling augments Elk-1-dependent transcription at the c-fos gene during antigen stimulation. J Immunol. 2001;167:827–835
- Long-term survival of xenogeneic pancreatic islet grafts induced by CTLA4lg. Science. 1992;257:789–792
- . The CTLA-4 gene is expressed in placental fibroblasts. Mol Hum Reprod. 1999;5:84–87
- . Thymocyte development is normal in CTLA-4-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:9296–9301
- . Leukocyte populations in human decidua and endometrium. In: Gill TJ, Wegmann TG, Nisbet-Brown E editor. Immunoregulation and fetal survival. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987;p. 223–247
- . Cell populations in human early pregnancy decidua: characterization and isolation of large granular lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Immunology. 1988;65:129–134
- . Role of granulated metrial gland cells in the immunology of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1991;25:72–76
- . A subset of CD56+ large granular lymphocytes in first-trimester human decidua are proliferating cells. Fertil Steril. 1999;71:74–79
- . Characteristic changes of large granular lymphocytes that strongly express CD56 in endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:1036–1043
- . Early human decidual cells exhibit NK activity against the K562 cell line but not against first trimester trophoblast. Cell Immunol. 1989;118:337–344
- . Immune cell populations in human early pregnancy decidua. In: Wegmann TF, Gill TJ, Nisbet-Brown E editor. Molecular and cellular immunobiology of the maternal–fetal interface. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991;p. 110–136
- . Absence of natural killer cells during murine pregnancy is associated with reproductive compromise in TgE26 mice. Biol Reprod. 1997;56:169–179
- . Engraftment of bone marrow from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reverses the reproductive deficits in natural killer cell-deficient tg epsilon 26 mice. J Exp Med. 1998;187:217–223
- . Immune competence involving the natural killer cell lineage promotes placental growth. Placenta. 1999;20:441–450
- . Immunohistological characterization of lymphoid cell populations in the early human placental bed. Immunology. 1984;52:349–357
- . Role of local immunosuppression in murine fetoplacental listeriosis. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:1234–1241
- . Macrophage functions are regulated by the substratum of murine decidual stromal cells. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:1951–1958
- . Mouse placental macrophages have a decreased ability to present antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:462–466
- . Villous sprouting: fundamental mechanisms of human placental development. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6:485–494
- . Adverse effects of immune cell products in pregnancy. In: Wegmann TF, Gill TJ, Nisbet-Brown E editor. Molecular and cellular immunobiology of the maternal–fetal interface. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991;p. 207–236
- . Advanced intraligamentous pregnancy. Report of a case, review of the literature and a discussion of the biological implications. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1975;30:715–726
- . Development of the fetal membranes. In: Steven DH editors. Comparative placentation: essays in structure and function. New York: Academic Press; 1975;p. 58–61
- . Effects of products of activated leukocytes (lymphokines and monokines) on the growth of malignant trophoblast cells in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:199–203
- . In: Soares MJ, Handwerger S, Talamantes F editor. Disruption of trophoblast monolayers by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and antagonism by GM-CSF. Boston, USA: Serono Symposia; 1993;p. 174–179
- . Murine trophoblast cells are not killed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Reprod Immunol. 1990;17:93–99
- . Products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages inhibit mouse embryo development in vitro. J Immunol. 1987;139:2250–2254
- . Evidence of embryo- and trophoblast-toxic cellular immune response(s) in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:1044–1052
- . T-helper 1-type immunity to trophoblast in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Am Med Assoc. 1995;273:1933–1936
- . Interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha cause placental injury in the rat. Am J Pathol. 1989;135:239–244
- . Systemic administration of interleukin-1 induces preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:969–971
- . Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated murine fetal death: the role of interleukin-1. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:544–549
- . Inhibition of pregnancy viability in mice following IL-2 administration. Immunology. 1989;67:115–119
- . Control of fetal survival in CBA x DBA/2 mice by lymphokine therapy. J Reprod Fertil. 1990;89:447–458
- . Activation of maternal killer cells in the pregnant uterus with chronic indomethacin therapy, IL-2 therapy, or a combination therapy is associated with embryonic demise. Cell Immunol. 1990;127:368–381
- . Lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death: the role of tumor-necrosis factor alpha. Biol Reprod. 1994;50:1108–1112
- . The pathogenesis of sepsis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:457–469
- . Hypoxia stimulates cytokine production by villous explants from the human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1582–1588
- Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science. 1998;281:1191–1193
- Prevention of T cell-driven complement activation and inflammation by tryptophan catabolism during pregnancy. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:64–68
- . Localization and developmental change of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the human placenta. Acta Med Okayama. 1991;45:135–139
- Localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human female reproductive organs and the placenta. Mol Hum Reprod. 2002;8:385–391
- . Modulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by interferon-gamma in human placental chorionic villi. Mol Hum Reprod. 2000;6:369–374
- . Tryptophan degradation by human placental indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates lymphocyte proliferation. J Physiol. 2001;535:207–215
- . Localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and 4-hydroxynonenal in normal and pre-eclamptic placentae. Placenta. 2002;23:373–379
- . Infiltrating decidual natural killer cells are associated with spontaneous abortion in mice. Cell Immunol. 1988;113:261–267
- . Modulation of the natural killer cell activity in pregnant mice alters the spontaneous abortion rate. J Reprod Immunol. 1987;11:147–153
- . Susceptibility of mouse trophoblast to antibody and complement-mediated damage. Transplant Proc. 1985;17:925–930
- . Possible mechanism of non-rejection of the feto-placental allogaft: trophoblast resistance to lysis by cellular immune effectors. Transplant Proc. 1987;19:554–556
- . Characterization of the cellular basis for the inhibition of cytolytic effector cells by murine placenta. Cell Immunol. 1986;102:43–51
- . Pregnancy as a natural model of allograft tolerance. Interactions between adherent macrophages and trophoblast populations. Transplantation. 1989;48:848–855
- . The immunostimulatory effect of T cells and T cell lymphokines on murine fetally derived placental cells. J Immunol. 1987;138:37–44
- . Effects of lymphokines and immune complexes on murine placental cell growth in vitro. Biol Reprod. 1989;40:466–474
- . In vitro models of the maternal–fetal interface. In: Wegmann TF, Gill TJ, Nisbet-Brown E editor. Molecular and cellular immunobiology of the maternal–fetal interface. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991;p. 191–220
- . Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 during pregnancy. J Exp Med. 1986;164:956–961
- . Apparent role of the macrophage growth factor, CSF-1, in placental development. Nature. 1987;330:484–486
- . Temporal expression and location of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and its receptor in the female reproductive tract are consistent with CSF-1-regulated placental development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:8818–8822
- The role of M-CSF and GM-CSF in fostering placental growth, fetal growth, and fetal survival. Transplant Proc. 1989;21:566–568
- Prevention of fetal loss in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome by in vivo administration of recombinant interleukin-3. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:1834–1837
- E-cadherin expression during the differentiation of human trophoblasts. Development. 1991;113:767–777
- . Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway, in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1992;89:210–222
- . Is oncofetal fibronectin a trophoblast glue for human implantation?. Am J Pathol. 1991;138:537–543
- . Role of lymphocyte adhesion receptors in transient interactions and cell locomotion. Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:27–66
- . The molecular biology of placental development. In: Redman CW, Sargent IL, Starkey PM editor. The human placenta. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1993;p. 33
- Effects of cytokines on VEGF expression and secretion by human first trimester trophoblast cell line. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2002;48:70–76
- . Decreased levels of helper T cells: a possible cause of immunodeficiency in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(6):352–356
- . T and B cells in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1977;49(3):299–302
- . Changes in peripheral mononuclear cells in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1981;1(3):154–155
- . Lymphocyte subsets in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1983;90(4):326–331
- . Cellular immunity in preeclampsia: alterations in T-lymphocyte subpopulations during early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77(6):859–862
- . T-lymphocyte subsets during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1983;4(2):88–90
- Mononuclear cell subpopulations during normal pregnancy: I. Analysis of cell surface markers using conventional techniques and monoclonal antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1983;4(3):142–145
- . Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnancy: a longitudinal study. J Immunol. 1984;132(4):1784–1787
- . Immunologic and genetic factors influencing reproduction. A review. Am J Pathol. 1979;95(2):465–570
- . Immunology of reproduction. In: Samter M, Austen KF, Claman HN editor. Immunological diseases. Boston: Little, Brown and Co; 1988;p. 329
- . A longitudinal analysis of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens during human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;140(6):665–670
- Changes in lymphocyte function during pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1976;83(3):245–250
- . Diminished natural killer activity in pregnancy: modulation by interleukin 2 and interferon gamma. Scand J Immunol. 1987;26(6):691–698
- . Studies of natural killer cells in pregnancy. I. Analysis at the single cell level. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1984;14(3):123–127
- . Serum immunoglobulin concentrations during normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1971;109:971
- . Natural killer cell cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells in human pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1987;13(1):23–26
- . C3 and C4 complement components and acute phase proteins in late pregnancy and parturition. J Clin Pathol. 1988;41(6):650–652
- . Complement components in normal pregnancy. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [C]. 1987;95(3):97–99
PII: S1744-165X(06)00045-X
doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2006.04.003
© 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 11, Issue 5
, Pages 279-295
, October 2006
