Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 19-25 , February 2007

Glutamine supplementation in the newborn infant

  • Prabhu S. Parimi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109-1998, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 216 778 5909; fax: +1 216 778 3252.
    • ,
  • Satish C. Kalhan

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

References 

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  2. Haberle J, Gorg B, Rutsch F, Schmidt E, Toutain A, Benoist JF, et al. Congenital glutamine deficiency with glutamine synthetase mutations. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1926–1933
  3. Parimi PS, Devapatla S, Gruca L, O'Brien A, Hanson RW, Kalhan SC. Glutamine and leucine nitrogen kinetics and their relation to urea nitrogen in newborn infants. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:618–625
  4. Parimi PS, Devapatla S, Gruca L, Amini SB, Hanson RW, Kalhan SC. Effect of enteral glutamine or glycine on whole-body nitrogen kinetics in very-low-birth-weight infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:402–409
  5. Matthews DE, Campbell RG. The effect of dietary protein intake on glutamine and glutamate nitrogen metabolism in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:963–970
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  8. Kadrofske MK, Parimi PS, Gruca L, Kalhan SC. Effect of intravenous amino acids on glutamine and protein kinetics in low-birth-weight preterm infants during the immediate neonatal period. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290:622–630
  9. Parimi PS, Kadrofske MK, Gruca L, Hanson RW, Kalhan SC. Amino acids, glutamine and protein metabolism in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 2005;58:1259–1264
  10. Owen OE, Kalhan SC, Hanson RW. The key role of anaplerosis and Cataplerosis for citric acid cycle function. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:30409–30412
  11. Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?. Nutr Rev. 1990;48(8):297–309
  12. Van Acker BA, Hulsewe KW, Wagenmakers AJ, Von Meyerheict MF, Soeters PB. Response of glutamine metabolism to glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:790–795
  13. Becker RM, Wu G, Galanko JA, Chen W, Maynor AR, Bose CL, et al. Reduced amino acid concentrations in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr. 2000;137(6):785–793
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  15. MacLennan PA, Brown RA, Rennie MJ. A positive relationship between protein synthetic rate and intracellular glutamine concentration in perfused rat skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett. 1987;215:187–191
  16. MacLennan PA, Smith K, Weryk B, Watt PW, Rennie MJ. Inhibition of protein breakdown by glutamine in perfused rat skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett. 1988;237:133–136
  17. Jepson MM, Bates PC, Broadbent P, Pell JM, Milward DJ. Relationship between glutamine concentration and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol. 1988;255:E166–E172
  18. Griffiths RD, Jones C, Palmer TE. Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Nutrition. 1998;13:295–302
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  20. Lacey JM, Crouch JB, Benfell K, Ringer SA, Wilmore CK, Maguire D, et al. The effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in premature infants. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1996;20(1):74–80
  21. Thompson SW, McClure BG, Tubman TR. A randomized controlled trial of parenteral glutamine in ill, very low birth weight neonates. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;37(5):550–553
  22. Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Poole WK, Oh W, et al. Parenteral glutamine supplementation does not reduce the risk of mortality or late-onset sepsis in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):1209–1215
  23. Kalhan SC, Parimi PS, Gruca LL, Hanson RW. Glutamine supplement with parenteral nutrition decreases whole-body proteolysis in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2005;146:642–647
  24. Des Robert C, Bacquer OL, Piloquet H, Roze JC, Darmaun D. Acute effects of intravenous glutamine supplementation on protein metabolism in very low birth weight infants: A stable isotope study. Pediatr Res. 2002;51:87–93
  25. O'Dwyer ST, Smith RJ, Hwang TL, Wilmore DW. Maintenance of small bowel mucosa with glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989;13:579–585
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  28. Garrel D, Patenaude J, Nedelec B, Samson L, Dorais J, Champoux J, et al. Decreased mortality and infectious morbidity in adult burn patients given enteral glutamine supplement: A prospective controlled randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(10):2444–2449
  29. Wischmeyer PE, Lynch J, Liedel J, Wolfson R, Riehm J, Gottlieb L, et al. Glutamine administration reduces gram-negative bacteremia in severely burned patients: A prospective randomized double-blind trial with isonitrogenous control. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(11):2075–2080
  30. Schulmar AS, Willcutts KF, Claridge JA, Evans HL, Radigan AE, O'Donnell KB, et al. Does the addition of glutamine to enteral feeds affect patient mortality?. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2501–2506
  31. Gore DC, Wolfe RR. Glutamine administration fails to affect muscle protein kinetics in critically ill patients. J Parent Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(6):342–349
  32. Neu J, Roig JC, Meetze WH, Veerman M, Carter C, Millsaps M, et al. Enteral glutamine supplementation in very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity. J Pediatr. 1997;131(5):691–699
  33. van den Berg A, van Elburg RM, Westerbeek AM, Twisk WR, Fetter PF. Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants and effects on feeding tolerance and infectious morbidity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:1397–1404
  34. Vaughn P, Thomas P, Clark R, Neu J. Enteral glutamine supplementation and morbidity in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2003;142:662–668
  35. van den Berg A, Fetter WP, Westerbeek EA, van der Vegt IM, van der Molen HR, van Elburg RM, et al. The effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(5):408–414
  36. Houdijk AP, Van Leeuwen PA, Boermeester MA, Van Lambalgen T, Teerlink T, Flinkerbusch EL, et al. Glutamine-enriched enteral diet increases splanchnic blood flow in the rat. Am J Physiol. 1994;267:G1035–G1040
  37. Mercier A, Eurin D, Poulet-Young V, Marret S, Dechelotte P. Effect of enteral supplementation with glutamine on mesenteric blood flow in premature neonates. Clinical Nutrition. 2003;22(2):133–137

PII: S1744-165X(06)00098-9

doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2006.10.003

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 19-25 , February 2007

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