Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 2-7 , February 2008

Has electronic fetal heart rate monitoring made a difference?

References 

  1. Claye A. Management of labour. In:  Claye A,  Bourne A editor. British obstetric and gynaecological practice. London: William Heinemann Medical Books; 1963;p. 184–204
  2. Hon EH. The classification of fetal heart rate. I. A working classification. Obstet Gynecol. 1963;22:137–146
  3. Caldeyro-Barcia R, Mendez-Bauer C, Poseiro JJ, et al. Control of human fetal heart rate during labor. In:  Cassels DE editors. The heart and circulation in the newborn and infant. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1966;p. 7–36
  4. Steer PJ, Beard RW. A continuous record of fetal heart rate obtained by serial counts. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1970;77:908–914
  5. Beard RW, Filshie GM, Knight CA, Roberts GM. The significance of the changes in the continuous foetal heart rate in the first stage of labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1971;78:865–881
  6. Wheble AM, Gillmer MDG, Spencer JAD, Sykes GS. Changes in fetal monitoring practice in the UK 1977–1984. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989;96:1140–1147
  7. Beard RW, Edington PT, Sibanda J. The effects of routine intrapartum monitoring on clinical practice. Contrib Gynecol Obstet. 1977;3:14–21
  8. MacDonald D, Grant A, Sheridan-Pereira M, Boylan P, Chalmers I. The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;152:524–539
  9. Vintzileos AM, Nochimson DJ, Guzman ER, Knuppel RA, Lake M, Schifrin BS. Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85:149–155
  10. Thacker SB, Stroup DF, Peterson HB. Efficacy and safety of intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring: an update. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;86:613–620
  11. Little MP, Jarvelin MR, Neasham DE, Lissauer T, Steer PJ. Factors associated with fall in neonatal intubation rates in the United Kingdom – prospective study. BJOG. 2007;114:156–164
  12. Murphy KW, Johnson P, Moorcraft P, Pattinson R, Russell V, Turnbull A. Birth asphyxia and the intrapartum cardiotocograph. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:470–479
  13. Ennis M, Vincent CA. Obstetric accidents: a review of 64 cases. BMJ. 1990;300:1365–1367
  14. Vincent CA, Martin T, Ennis M. Obstetric accidents: the patient's perspective. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;98:390–395
  15. Gaffney G, Sellers S, Flavell V, Squier M, Johnson A. Case–control study of intrapartum care, cerebral palsy, and perinatal death. BMJ. 1994;308:743–750
  16. Confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy: sixth annual report, 1 January to 31 December 1997. Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium. London; 1999.
  17. NICE fetal monitoring guidelines. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CGCMay 2001;
  18. Keith RDF, Beckley S, Garibaldi JM, Westgate JA, Ifeachor EC, Greene KR. A multicentre comparative study of 17 experts and an intelligent computer system for managing labour using the cardiotocogram. [see comments] Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102:688–700
  19. Young P, Hamilton R, Hodgett S, et al. Reducing risk by improving standards of intrapartum fetal care. J R Soc Med. 2001;94:226–231
  20. Rooth G, Fall O, Huch A, Huch R. Distribution of observed patterns in fetal transcutaneous oxygen tension. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;140:693–698
  21. Johnson N, Johnson VA, Fisher J, Jobbings B, Bannister J, Johanson R. Fetal monitoring with pulse oximetry. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;98:36–41
  22. Dildy GA, Thorp JA, Yeast JD, Clark SL. The relationship between oxygen saturation and pH in umbilical blood: implications for intrapartum fetal oxygen saturation monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:682–687
  23. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 258, September 2001 Fetal pulse oximetry. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:523–524
  24. Fetal pulse oximetry for fetal assessment in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD004075
  25. Klauser CK, Christensen EE, Chauhan SP, et al. Use of fetal pulse oximetry among high-risk women in labor: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1810–1817
  26. East CE, Brennecke SP, King JF, Chan FY, Colditz PB. The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194:606–616
  27. Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JS, Greene KR. Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring. Lancet. 1992;340:194–198
  28. Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JS, Greene KR. Plymouth randomized trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring in 2400 cases. [see comments] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1151–1160
  29. Amer-Wahlin I, Hellsten C, Noren H, et al. Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;358:534–538
  30. Westerhuis M, Kwee A, van Ginkel A, Drogtrop A, Gyselaers W, Visser G. Limitations of ST analysis in clinical practice: three cases of intrapartum metabolic acidosis. BJOG. May 15, 2007;[Epub ahead of print]
  31. Stewart JH, Andrews J, Cartlidge PH. Numbers of deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia and timing of birth in all Wales perinatal survey, 1993–5. BMJ. 1998;316:657–660
  32. Department of Health . An organisation with a memory. London: HMSO; 2000;
  33. Reducing error, improving safety. BMJ. 2007;320(7237):725–796
  34. Beckley S, Stenhouse E, Greene K. The development and evaluation of a computer-assisted teaching programme for intrapartum fetal monitoring. BJOG. 2000;107:1138–1144

PII: S1744-165X(07)00112-6

doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.09.005

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 2-7 , February 2008