Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 83-88 , April 2010

Obstetric management of obesity in pregnancy

References 

  1. CEMACH . Why mothers die 2000–2002. London: RCOG Press; 2004;
  2. In:  Lewis G editors. The Confidential Enquiry in Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH). Saving mother's lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003–2005. Seventh Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London: CEMACH; 2007;
  3. Kanagalingam MG, Forouhi NG, Greer IA, Sattar N. Changes in booking body mass index over a decade: retrospective analysis from a Glasgow Maternity Hospital. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:1431–1433
  4. Hamilton-Fairley D, Kiddy D, Watson H, Paterson C, Franks S. Association of moderate obesity with a poor pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with low dose gonadotrophin. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1992;99:128–131
  5. Mulders AG, Laven JS, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, Fauser BC. Patient predictors for outcome of gonadotrophin ovulation induction in women with normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:429–449
  6. Lashen H, Fear K, Sturdee DW. Obesity is associated with increased risk of first trimester and recurrent miscarriage: matched case–control study. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:1644–1646
  7. Dale PO, Tanbo T, Haug E, Abyholm T. The impact of insulin resistance on the outcome of ovulation induction with low-dose follicle stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:567–570
  8. Glueck CJ, Phillips H, Cameron D, Sieve-Smith L, Wang P. Continuing metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome appears to safely reduce first-trimester spontaneous abortion: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:46–52
  9. Glueck CJ, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve L. Pregnancy loss, polycystic ovary syndrome, thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, enoxaparin, metformin. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2004;10:323–334
  10. Glueck CJ, Sieve L, Zhu B, Wang P. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, 4G5 G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene, and first-trimester miscarriage in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2006;55:345–352
  11. Waller DK, Mills JL, Simpson JL, et al. Are obese women at higher risk for producing malformed offspring?. [see comment] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:541–548
  12. Werler MM, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects. [see comment] J Am Med Assoc. 1996;275:1089–1092
  13. Feldman B, Yaron Y, Critchfield G, et al. Distribution of neural tube defects as a function of maternal weight: no apparent correlation. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1999;14:185–189
  14. Moore LL, Singer MR, Bradlee ML, Rothman KJ, Milunsky A. A prospective study of the risk of congenital defects associated with maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology. 2000;11:689–694
  15. Watkins ML, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA, Botto LD, Moore CA. Maternal obesity and risk for birth defects. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5 Part 2):1152–1158
  16. Anderson JL, Waller DK, Canfield MA. Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes and central nervous system birth defects. Epidemiology. 2005;16:87–92
  17. Cedergren M, Källén B. Maternal obesity and the risk for orofacial clefts in the offspring. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:367–371
  18. Martínez-Frías ML, Frías JP, Bermejo E, Rodríguez-Pinilla E, Prieto L, Frías JL. Pre-gestational maternal body mass index predicts an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005;22:775–781
  19. Waller DK, Shaw GM, Rasmussen SA, et al. Prepregnancy obesity as a risk factor for structural birth defects. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161:745–750
  20. Yu CK, Teoh TG, Robinson S. Obesity in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;113:1117–1125
  21. Hendler I, Blackwell SC, Bujold E, et al. The impact of maternal obesity on midtrimester sonographic visualisation of fetal cardiac and craniospinal structures. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28:1607–1611
  22. Sibai BM, Gordon T, Thom E, et al. Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: a prospective multicenter study. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(2 Pt 1):642–648
  23. Sibai BM, Ewell M, Levine RJ, et al. Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women. The Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:1003–1010
  24. Bodnar LM, Ness RB, Markovic N, Roberts JM. The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:475–482
  25. Cedergren MI. Maternal morbid obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:219–224
  26. Callaway LK, Prins JB, Chang AM, McIntyre HD. The prevalence and impact of overweight and obesity in an Australian obstetric population [see comment]. Med J Aust. 2006;184:56–59
  27. Sukalich S, Mingione MJ, Glantz JC. Obstetric outcomes in overweight and obese adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:851–855
  28. Villamor E, Cnattingius S. Interpregnancy weight change and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study [see comment]. Lancet. 2006;368(9542):1164–1170
  29. Haeri S, Guichard I, Baker AM, Saddlemire S, Boggess KA. The effect of teenage maternal obesity on perinatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(Part 1):300–304
  30. Ehrenberg HM, Iams JD, Goldberg RL, et al. Maternal obesity, uterine activity and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:48–52
  31. Smith GS, Shah I, Pell JP, Crossley JA, Dobbie R. Maternal obesity in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous and elective preterm deliveries: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Publ Hlth. 2007;97:157–162
  32. Salihu HM, Lynch O, Alio AP, Liu J. Obesity subtypes and risk of spontaneous versus medically indicated preterm births in singletons and twins. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:13–20
  33. Denison FC, Price J, Graham C, Wild S, Liston WA. Maternal obesity, length of gestation, risk of postdates pregnancy and spontaneous onset of labour at term. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;115:720–725
  34. Bhattacharya S, Campbell DM, Liston WA, Bhattacharya S. Effect of body mass index on pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous women delivering singleton babies. BioMed Central Publ Hlth. 2007;7:168
  35. Kiran TSU, Hemmadi S, Bethel J, Evans J. Outcome of pregnancy in a woman with an increased body mass index. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:768–772
  36. Zhang J, Bricker L, Wray S, Quenby S. Poor uterine contractility in obese women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;114:343–348
  37. Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, et al. Maternal obesity and the risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. The International Association for the Study of Obesity. Obes Rev. 2007;8:385–394
  38. Perlow JH, Morgan MA. Massive maternal obesity and perioperative cesarean morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;179:560–565
  39. Beetie PG, Ring TR, Hunter MF, Lake Y. Wound infections following caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;34:398–402
  40. Robinson H, Tkatch S, Mayes DC, Bott N, Okun N. Is maternal obesity a predictor of shoulder dystocia?. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:24–27
  41. Goldhaber SZ, Savage DD, Garrison RJ, et al. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism; the Framingham study. Am J Med. 1983;74:1023–1028
  42. Eichinger S, Hron G, Bialonczyk , et al. Overweight, obesity and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1678–1683
  43. Larsen TB, Sorensen HT, Gislum M, Johnsen SP. Maternal smoking, obesity and risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium: a population-based nested case–control study. Thromb Res. 2007;120:505–509
  44. Jacobsen AF, Skjeldestad FE, Sandset PM. Ante- and postnatal risk factors of venous thrombosis: a hospital-based case control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6:905–912
  45. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . Guideline number 37. Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, labour and after vaginal delivery. London: RCOG; 2004;
  46. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence . Clinical Guideline number 43. Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. London: NICE; 2006;
  47. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence . Clinical Guideline number 62. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London: NICE; 2008;

PII: S1744-165X(09)00099-7

doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2009.10.001

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 83-88 , April 2010