Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 176-182 , June 2010

Hyperbilirubinemia in African American neonates: clinical issues and current challenges

References 

  1. American Academy of Pediatrics . Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004;114:297–316
  2. Maisels MJ, Bhutani VK, Bogen D, Newman TB, Stark AR, Watchko JF. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation – an update with clarifications. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1193–1198
  3. Watchko JF. Identification of neonates at risk for hazardous hyperbilirubinemia. Emerging clinical insights. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56:671–687
  4. Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Maisels MJ, et al. Kernicterus: epidemiological strategies for its prevention through systems-based approaches. J Perinatol. 2004;24:650–662
  5. Johnson L, Bhutani VK, Karp K, Sivieri EM, Shapiro SM. Clinical report from the pilot USA Kernicterus Registry (1992–2004). J Perinatol. 2009;29:S25–S45
  6. Keren R, Luan X, Friedman S, et al. A comparison of alternative risk-assessment strategies for predicting significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term and near-term infants. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e170–e179
  7. Newman TB, Escobar GJ, Gonzales VM, et al. Frequency of neonatal bilirubin testing and hyperbilirubinemia in a large health maintenance organization. Pediatrics. 1999;104:1198–1203
  8. Newman TB, Easterling J, Goldman ES, et al. Laboratory evaluation of jaundice in newborns. Frequency, cost and yield. Am J Dis Child. 1990;144:364–368
  9. Chou SC, Palmer RH, Ezhuthachan S, et al. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns: measuring performance by using a benchmarking model. Pediatrics. 2003;112:1264–1273
  10. Brown AK, Kim MH, Wu PYK, Bryla DA. Efficacy of phototherapy in prevention and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics. 1985;75:393–441
  11. Hardy JB, Drage JS, Jackson EE. The first year of life. The collaborative perinatal project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1979;p. 104
  12. Linn S, Schoenbaum SC, Monson RR, Rosner B, Stubblefield PG, Ryan KJ. Epidemiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics. 1985;75:770–774
  13. United States Census Bureau. 2006 American Community Survey.
  14. Manning D, Todd P, Maxwell M, Platt MJ. Prospective surveillance study of severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn in the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007;92:342–346
  15. Kaplan M, Herschel M, Hammerman C, Hoyer JD, Stevenson DK. Hyperbilirubinemia among African American, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient neonates. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e213–e219
  16. Kaplan M, Herschel M, Hammerman C, Hoyer JD, Heller GZ, Stevenson DK. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in African American males: the importance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr. 2006;149:83–88
  17. Herschel M, Ryan M, Gelbart T, Kaplan M. Hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia in an African American neonate heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Perinatol. 2002;22:577–579
  18. Kaplan M, Hammerman C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a hidden risk for kernicterus. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:356–364
  19. Valaes T. Severe neonatal jaundice associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994;394:58–76
  20. Zangen S, Kidron D, Gelbart T, Roy-Chowdhury N, Wang X, Kaplan M. Fatal kernicterus in a girl deficient in glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase: a paradigm of synergistic heterozygosity. J Pediatr. 2009;154:616–619
  21. Washington EC, Ector W, Abbound M, Ohning B, Holden K. Hemolytic jaundice due to G6PD deficiency causing kernicterus in a femal newborn. South Med J. 1995;88:776–779
  22. American Academy of Pediatrics . Subcommittee on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatal jaundice and kernicterus. Pediatrics. 2001;108:763–765
  23. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations . Sentinel Event Alert: Kernicterus threatens healthy babies. Available at: http://www.JCAHO.orgApril 2001;
  24. Newman TB, Kuzniewicz , Liljestrand P, Wi S, McCulloch C, Escobar GJ. Numbers needed to treat with phototherapy according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Pediatrics. 2009;123:1352–1359
  25. Newman TB, Xiong B, Gonzales VM, et al. Prediction and prevention of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in a mature health maintenance organization. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:1140–1147
  26. Newman TB, Liljestrand P, Escobar GJ. Combining clinical risk factors with serum bilirubin levels to predict hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:113–119
  27. Manolio TA, Burke GL, Savage PJ, et al. Sex- and race-related differences in liver-associated serum chemistry tests in young adults in the CARDIA study. Clin Chem. 1992;38:1853–1859
  28. Madhavan M, Wattigney WA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Serum bilirubin distribution and its relation to cardiovascular risk in children and young adults. Atherosclerosis. 1997;131:107–113
  29. Watchko JF. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in the neonate. In:  Maisels MJ,  Watchko JF editor. Neonatal jaundice. Amsterdam: Harwood; 2000;p. 51–66
  30. Stevenson DK, Fanaroff AA, Maisels MJ, et al. Prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in near-term and term infants. Pediatrics. 2001;108:31–39
  31. Li R, Darling N, Maurice E, Barker L, Grummer-Strawn LM. Breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family: the 2002 National Immunization Survey. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e31–e37
  32. McDowell MM, Wang CY, Kennedy-Stephenson J. Breastfeeding in the United States: findings from the national health and nutrition examination surveys, 1999–2006. NCHS Data Brief. 2008;5:1–8
  33. Beutler E, Gelbert T, Demina A. Racial variability in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1A1) promoter: a balanced polymorphism for regulation of bilirubin metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:8170–8174
  34. O'Flynn ME, Hsia DY. Serum bilirubin levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in newborn American Negroes. J Pediatr. 1963;63:160–161
  35. Wolff JA, Grossman BH, Paya K. Neonatal serum bilirubin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Am J Dis Child. 1967;113:251–254
  36. Zinkham WH. Peripheral blood and bilirubin values in normal full term primaquine-sensitive Negro infants. Effect of vitamin K. Pediatrics. 1963;31:983–995
  37. Beutler E. G6PD deficiency. Blood. 1994;84:3613–3636
  38. Nkhoma ET, Poole C, Vannappagari V, Hall SA, Beutler E. The global prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2009;42:267–278
  39. Chinevere TD, Murray CK, Grant E, et al. Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in U.S. Army personnel. Mil Med. 2006;171:905–907
  40. Slusher TM, Vreman HJ, McLaren DW, Lewison LJ, Brown AK, Stevenson DK. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and carboxyhemoglobin concentrations associated with bilirubin-related morbidity and death in Nigerian infants. J Pediatr. 1995;126:102–108
  41. Bosma PJ, Roy Chowdhury J, Bakker C, et al. The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1171–1175
  42. Bancroft JD, Kreamer B, Gourley GR. Gilbert syndrome accelerates development of neonatal jaundice. J Pediatr. 1998;132:656–660
  43. Monaghan G, McLellan A, McGeehan A, et al. Gilbert's syndrome is a contributory factor in prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn. J Pediatr. 1999;134:441–446
  44. Maruo Y, Nishizawa K, Sato H, et al. Association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase polymorphism. Pediatrics. 1999;103:1224–1227
  45. Kaplan M, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, et al. Gilbert syndrome and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a dose-dependent genetic interaction crucial to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:12128–12132
  46. Bhutani V, Johnson L, Sivieri EM, et al. Predictive ability of a predischarge hour-specific serum bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. Pediatrics. 1999;103:6–14
  47. Watchko JF, Lin Z, Clark RH, Kelleher AS, Walker W, Spitzer AR. Complex multifactorial nature of significant hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Pediatrics. 2009;124:e868–e877
  48. Sugatani J, Yamakawa K, Yoshinari K, et al. Identification of a defect in the UGT1A1 gene promoter and its association with hyperbilirubinemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;292:492–497
  49. Cui Y, Konig J, Leier I, et al. Hepatic uptake of bilirubin and its conjugates by the human organic anion transporter SLC21A6. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:9626–9630
  50. Briz O, Serrano MA, MacIas RI, et al. Role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides, OATP-A, OATP-C and OATP-8, in the human placenta–maternal liver tandem excretory pathway for foetal bilirubin. Biochem J. 2000;371:897–905
  51. Lin Z, Fontaine J, Watchko JF. Coexpression of gene polymorphisms involved in bilirubin production and metabolism. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e156–e162
  52. Beutler E, Baluda MC. The separation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes from the blood of heterozygotes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. 1964;1:189–192
  53. May J, Meyer CG, Großterlinden L, et al. Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and pyruvate kinase activity in a Nigerian population. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:119–123
  54. Valaes T. Bilirubin distribution and dynamics of bilirubin removal by exchange transfusion. Acta Paediatr. 1963;52(Suppl. 149):1–115
  55. Beutler E, Dern RJ, Alving AS. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. IV. The relationship of cell age to hemolysis. J Lab Clin Med. 1954;44:439–442
  56. Kaplan M, Merob P, Regev R. Israel guidelines for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and prevention of kernicterus. J Perinatol. 2008;28:389–397
  57. Padilla CD, Therrell BL. Newborn screening in the Asia Pacific region. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007;30:490–506
  58. Beutler E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a historical perspective. Blood. 2008;111:16–24
  59. Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin toxicity in the late preterm infant. Clin Perinatol. 2006;33:839–852
  60. Bhutani VK, Johnson L. Kernicterus in late preterm infants cared for as term healthy infants. Semin Perinatol. 2006;30:89–97
  61. Wang ML, Dorer DJ, Fleming MP, et al. Clinical outcomes of near-term infants. Pediatrics. 2004;114:372–376
  62. Neifert MR. Prevention of breastfeeding tragedies. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001;48:273–297
  63. Bucher KA, Patterson AM, Elston RC, Jones CA, Kirkman HN. Racial difference in incidence of ABO hemolytic disease. Am J Public Health. 1976;66:854–858
  64. Toy PTCY, Reid ME, Papenfus L, Yeap HH, Black D. Prevalence of ABO maternal–infant incompatibility in Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Caucasians. Vox Sang. 1988;54:181–183
  65. Naiman JL. Erythroblastosis fetalis. In:  Oski FA,  Naiman JL editor. Hematologic problems in the newborn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1982;p. 326–332
  66. Kirkman HN. Further evidence for a racial difference in frequency of ABO hemolytic disease. J Pediatr. 1977;90:717–721
  67. Halbrecht I. Role of hemagglutinins anti-A and anti-B in pathogenesis of jaundice of the newborn (icterus neonatorum precox). Am J Dis Child. 1944;68:248–249
  68. Cashore WJ. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In:  Oski FA,  DeAngelis CD,  Feigin RD,  Warshaw JB editor. Principles and practice of pediatrics. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1990;p. 399–408
  69. Davidson LT, Merritt KK, Weech AA. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. Am J Dis Child. 1941;61:958–980
  70. Moyer VA, Ahn C, Sneed S. Accuracy of clinical judgment in neonatal jaundice. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:391–394
  71. Tayaba R, Gribetz D, Gribetz I, Holzman IR. Noninvasive estimation of serum bilirubin. Pediatrics. 1998;102:e28
  72. Keren R, Tremont K, Luan X, et al. Visual assessment of jaundice in term and late preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009;94:F317–F322

PII: S1744-165X(09)00108-5

doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2009.11.001

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 176-182 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution